What are common causes of engine overheating?

Engine overheating is primarily associated with issues that affect the cooling system's ability to regulate engine temperature effectively. Low coolant levels lead to inadequate heat exchange, as coolant is crucial for absorbing and dissipating heat from the engine. A faulty thermostat can prevent proper coolant circulation, either by sticking closed and blocking coolant flow or by failing to close and allowing too much coolant to bypass the radiator. A malfunctioning water pump can severely restrict coolant flow, preventing it from reaching the engine or radiator, thus contributing to overheating.

The other options mention factors that do not have a direct impact on the engine's cooling system. For example, dirty fuel injectors affect fuel delivery and combustion efficiency but do not directly cause overheating. Insufficient tire pressure and worn brake pads relate more to vehicle handling and braking performance rather than cooling. Similarly, excessive oil levels, faulty mass airflow sensors, and damaged spark plugs primarily influence engine performance and emissions rather than the heat management system. Lastly, while high ambient temperatures can contribute to heat stress, they do not represent the common causes of overheating in mechanical terms, unlike the critical elements listed in the correct answer.